Load shedding is a process implemented by Eskom to prevent the national electricity grid from collapsing. This means planned power outages are scheduled across different areas to manage electricity distribution.
Many of Eskom's power plants are old and have not been adequately maintained. This leads to frequent breakdowns and reduced generating capacity. Additionally, there has been a historical lack of investment in new generation capacity to keep pace with growing demand.
This ongoing power crisis has forced South Africans to adapt to an unpredictable electricity supply. Whether you're working from home, running a business, or trying to manage household tasks, knowing when the power will go off can help you take the necessary precautions.
Load shedding schedules
To learn more about your latest load shedding schedules use the links below:
Load shedding tips
- Unplug appliances before power returns – Power surges when electricity is restored can damage electronics. Switch off and unplug devices like TVs and aircons before an outage and wait a few minutes after power returns to plug them back in. This can prevent damage and avoid insurance claim issues..
- Keep fridge and freezer doors closed – Minimize opening your fridge or freezer to maintain cold temperatures. A closed fridge can keep food cool for about 4 hours, and a fully stocked freezer can stay frozen for up to 48 hours.
- Use natural light effectively – Keep curtains and blinds open during the day to maximize sunlight, reducing the need for artificial lighting. If possible, plan activities that require good lighting while the sun is still up.
- Charge devices strategically – Keep your phone, laptop, and other essential devices charged when electricity is available. If you know load shedding is coming, switch devices to battery-saving mode to extend their runtime.
- Use a high-quality surge protector – A surge protection device for your distribution board or individual appliances can absorb voltage spikes and prevent damage.
- Use gas or alternative cooking methods – A portable gas stove or braai can be useful for preparing meals when the electricity is off.
- Manually override electric gates and garage doors – If you rely on electric gates or garages, familiarize yourself with how to manually open and close them before an outage happens to avoid being locked out.
- Switch to rechargeable LED lights or solar lamps – Instead of relying on candles (which pose a fire risk), use USB-rechargeable LED bulbs or solar-powered lamps for consistent lighting.
UPS units for home use
Having a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) can help keep essential appliances running during load shedding.
Key factors to consider when choosing a UPS for your home
- Power capacity: Choose a UPS that matches the power needs of your devices. Add up the wattage of all devices you want to run and select a UPS with a slightly higher capacity.
- Battery type: Lead-acid batteries are cheaper but heavier, while lithium-ion batteries last longer and charge faster.
- Backup duration: Check how long the UPS can power your devices during load shedding. A small unit may last 2-4 hours for a Wi-Fi router, while larger units can run multiple devices longer.
- Surge protection: A UPS with built-in surge protection helps protect your electronics from power fluctuations when electricity is restored.
- Number of outlets: Ensure the UPS has enough ports to connect all essential devices, such as routers, laptops, and monitors.
Legal aspects of load shedding
South African electricity consumers have certain legal rights when it comes to electricity supply. These rights are governed by the Electricity Regulation Act, 2006 and enforced by NERSA (National Energy Regulator of South Africa). Here are some common complaints that may be logged with NERSA:
-
Electricity complaints:
-
Unfair electricity tariff increases:
- Being charged more than the NERSA-approved tariff.
- Sudden unexplained increases in electricity bills.
-
Incorrect or inflated billing:
- Overcharging or incorrect meter readings.
- Estimated billing discrepancies.
- Unauthorised extra charges on electricity bills.
- Back-billing issues without proper notice.
-
Service delivery failures:
- Prolonged power outages.
- Delayed electricity connections for new customers.
- Poor response to reported faults or damaged electricity infrastructure.
-
Load shedding mismanagement:
- Load shedding schedules not followed correctly.
- Unfair load reduction where some areas experience fewer blackouts than others.
- Outages exceeding scheduled load shedding times.
-
Unlawful disconnections:
- Electricity disconnected without prior notice.
- Wrongful disconnection due to administrative errors.
- Disconnection despite payment.
-
Unfair electricity tariff increases:
-
Piped gas complaints:
-
Unfair gas pricing:
- Charging more than the NERSA-approved tariffs.
- Unexplained increases in piped gas costs.
-
Poor service & reliability issues:
- Frequent gas supply interruptions without proper notification.
- Delays in connecting or restoring gas supply.
- Unresponsive gas suppliers failing to address service complaints.
-
Unfair gas pricing:
-
Petroleum pipeline complaints:
-
Excessive fuel transport costs:
- Being charged more than NERSA-regulated transport tariffs.
- Unfair additional fees added to petroleum transport costs.
-
Service disruptions & supply failures:
- Unexpected fuel shortages or supply interruptions.
- Pipeline operators failing to maintain infrastructure, leading to service failures.
-
Excessive fuel transport costs:
-
How to lodge a complaint with NERSA:
-
Gather evidence:
- Copies of bills, contracts, or correspondence with the service provider.
- Supporting documents proving wrongful charges or service failures.
-
Contact the service provider first:
- Attempt to resolve disputes directly with Eskom, the municipality, or the supplier.
-
Escalate to NERSA:
- If the issue is not resolved, submit a formal complaint to NERSA.
- Email: complaints@nersa.org.za
- Phone: +27 (0)12 401 4600
- Website: www.nersa.org.za
-
NERSA investigation & resolution:
- NERSA will review the complaint, investigate, and instruct the provider to correct violations if necessary.
-
Gather evidence:
Solar powering your home
Solar energy is becoming a popular solution for homeowners looking to avoid reliance on the grid. With South Africa’s abundant sunlight, installing solar panels can reduce dependency on Eskom and lower electricity bills. Government incentives, such as tax rebates on solar installations, are available.
Solar tax rebate (2023-2024)
What is it? A tax rebate to encourage homeowners to install solar panels. You can claim back 25% of the cost of the solar panels, up to a maximum of R15,000.
Who can claim?
Individual taxpayers (not businesses).
Those who installed new and unused solar PV panels.
Installations by landlords or renters are eligible.
Only the person who paid for the panels can claim.
When? The panels must have been brought into use for the first time between 1 March 2023 and 29 February 2024.
What panels qualify?
Must be solar photovoltaic (PV) panels.
Must have a minimum capacity of 275W per panel.
Must be installed at your primary residence (the home you mainly live in) for domestic use.
Must be connected to the distribution board of your home.
How to Claim:
When filing your Income Tax Return (ITR12) for the 2024 tax year (starting July 15, 2024), include the total cost of the PV panels.
SARS will calculate the rebate for you.
What documents do you need?
Electrical Certificate of Compliance (COC): Must include the certificate number, and the electrician's registration number and contact details.
Invoice and Proof of Payment: Showing the number of panels purchased, the cost per panel, and the wattage of each panel.
Proof of Installation Date: From the COC, showing when the panels were first used.
Proof that the installation is for your primary residence: Proof of ownership (if you own the property) or a rental agreement/utility bills (if you rent).
What's not included in the rebate?
- The cost of the inverter and batteries. The rebate only applies to the solar PV panels themselves.
Examples:
Example 1: You buy ten PV panels at R4,000 each (totaling R40,000). You can claim 25% of the cost up to R15,000, so R10,000.
Example 2: You buy 20 panels at R4,000 each (totaling R80,000). 25% of this is R20,000, but the maximum claim is R15,000, so you can only claim R15,000.
Important Note: Keep all your documents ready, as SARS may request them for verification. For more details, visit SARS Renewable tax incentives.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Can I install solar panels at home in South Africa?
Yes, homeowners can install solar panels for personal use. Off-grid systems (not connected to the national grid) do not require a license, as per Schedule 2 of the Electricity Regulation Act, 2006. However, connecting to the grid requires municipal approval and, for larger systems, registration and/or approval from NERSA.
2. Do I need a license to generate and sell solar power?
If you intend to generate electricity and sell it, you will likely need a license from the National Energy Regulator of South Africa (NERSA). Even if you don't sell power but connect to the grid, municipal approval is required, and larger systems need NERSA registration/approval. The Electricity Regulation Act states that anyone involved in electricity generation, transmission, or distribution must apply for a license unless they qualify for an exemption under Schedule 2. Contact your municipality and NERSA for details.
3. Can the government restrict how much solar power I use?
The national government does not directly restrict how much solar power homeowners use. However, local municipalities often have regulations regarding grid connection, feedback, metering, and compliance with local bylaws. These regulations can effectively limit or influence how homeowners use solar power, especially when connected to the grid. Check with your municipality for their specific rules.
4. What should I do if my municipality prevents me from using solar power?
If you believe your municipality is unfairly restricting your use of solar power, you should first attempt to resolve the issue with the municipality directly. If this is unsuccessful, you can explore options for further action, which may include escalating the issue to NERSA or seeking legal advice. Section 42 of the Electricity Regulation Act allows the regulator to resolve disputes between end users and electricity providers.
5. Do I have to pay a fee to connect my solar system to the grid?
Most municipalities charge fees for connecting solar systems to the grid, particularly if they allow net metering (selling excess electricity back to the grid). These fees vary significantly between municipalities. Contact your local electricity provider for information about their specific fees and requirements.
Load shedding can be disruptive, but being prepared makes all the difference. From practical tips to understanding your rights and exploring solar options, we hope this article has equipped you to navigate the current energy landscape.
Ready to find a space where you can put these preparations into action?
See what's on the market
Disclaimer: This information is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. You should consult with a qualified legal professional for any legal questions or concerns related to electricity supply and load shedding.
